Because all the information you get is enough to help you survive in any environment around you. There isn’t any further need to evaluate anything. His theory translates to “what you see is what you get.” People are still able to interpret the array because they have a stable and meaningful view of it. Even if the array moves or the light intensity changes. The information perceived from the array is direct, or innate because it doesn’t require any more evaluation. Contains all the information necessary to understand it. With Gibson’s theory, a pattern of light that reaches the eyes, the optic array. An example of how the theory works is an optic array. Gibson made the argument that perception is a bottom-up process.īecause it is evaluated from basic data perceived by the senses to more complex visual perceptions. Then your brain will instantly perceive the fire, and your body reacts by fleeing. If you’re in a forest and hear crackling wood, see and smell smoke. This theory is sometimes called the “Ecological Theory.” Because it says perception can be explained based on the environment in which you find yourself.īottom-up perception allows us to survive in environments we may not be familiar with.īecause the senses react to stimulus, whether it is heard, smelled, saw, tasted, or touched. In 1966, a psychologist by the name of James Gibson theorized that bottom-up perception was direct, or innate, and didn’t require learning. But the answer usually comes to people quickly. If it has been some time since you heard the song being played. Sometimes you may need to think about it for a few seconds. The brain reacts so quickly that you can think of the song almost instantly when you hear the first strands. This is another example of top down processing. The pattern of the musical notes allows your brain to think back to all the music it has heard to know which song is being played. While it depends on the sense of hearing. Then your brain uses the knowledge it has attained to guess which song is being played. If you like pop music and hear the opening chords of a song. And knows what the letters and number sound like So it automatically concludes the message is “see you later.” When you see the combination of letters and the number in “C U L8r,” your mind sees the pattern. Top-down processing is more based on patterns than it is on conclusions after receiving sensory information. And the physical response after your brain put the information together when you investigated the strange noise you heard. This example demonstrates the flow of perception from the bottom up to top-down because the senses lead to the emotional reaction. Such as scolding your cat if he is still in the room and picking up the box of food to put it away. Your perception will also turn what you sense into actions. But be relieved because the box wasn’t opened yet. So, if you see the cat food on the floor, you might get mad at your cat for tipping over the box. Which will react with emotions to what it senses. When the senses perceive something, it stimulates the brain. Then you may conclude that your cat knocked it down after smelling the food. If you decide to investigate the noise instead of panicking and find a box of cat food on the floor near the kitchen counter. Most people draw conclusions based on what they perceive with their senses.įor instance, if you’re alone in your house and you hear a strange noise, you may think someone is trying to break into your home. Then their hearing allows them to be able to interpret the message. If a blind person has a smartphone that reads text messages as they are received. However, if you can see it, then your brain can interpret it based on things you’ve learned. Without being able to see the text, we wouldn’t know what it says. Bottom Up PerceptionĮverything we perceive begins with the bottom-up approach because it is based on our senses. For instance, if you receive a text that reads: “C U L8r,” you can still read and interpret it as “see you later” based on what you already know. The knowledge you have allows the brain to perceive something based on what it knows and what it sees to understand it. It is using the senses, whether they are taste, touch, sight, smell or hearing, to understand information and process it in the brain. The easiest way to explain these two types of perception is processing things bottom-up refers to sensory perception.
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